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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Representative bureaucracy ： ウィキペディア英語版 Representative bureaucracy As stated by political scientist Samuel Krislov, representative bureaucracy is a notion that “ broad social groups should have spokesman and officeholders in administrative as well as political positions”. With this notion, representative bureaucracy is a form of representation that captures most or all aspects of a society’s population in the governing body of the state. ( Krislov, Samuel. (2012). Representative Bureaucracy. Quid Pro Books) == History == The term representative bureaucracy is generally attributed to J. Donald Kingsley’s book titled ''Representative Bureaucracy'' that was published in 1944. In his book, Kingsley calls for a “ liberalization of social class selection for the English bureaucracy," due to the "Dominance of social, political, and economic elites within the British bureaucracy" which he claimed resulted in programs and political policy that did not meet the needs or interests of all social classes. To solve this issue, Kingsley states that “representative bureaucracy is necessary because there must be at least some administrators sympathetic to the programmatic concerns of the dominant political party”. Despite criticism at the time of publication, years later, political scientist Samuel Krislov echoed Kingsley's sentiments in his book also called ''Representative Bureaucracy'' and this has been expanded upon since then by a number of scholars all over the world. In Samuel Krislov’s book, he states that in much, if not all, of bureaucracy’s history, the perception of bureaucracy has had the identification of being entities covered in red tape and having an antagonistic approach to the public. Also with the association of these ideals heavily ingrained into the public, it is hard to think of the positive aspects of such representation. ( Krislov, Samuel. (2012). Representative Bureaucracy. Quid Pro Books) There is some degree of disagreement over what constitutes representative bureaucracy as there is a lot of literature that exists on the subject as it has a long history. Scholars Groeneveld and Walle state that there are three dimensions of representative bureaucracy, the first is a historical one, the second is from the perspective of public administration, and the third is in literature on diversity management 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Representative bureaucracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.